How to Photograph Sand Dunes
Sand dunes offer photographers a vast and dramatic landscape, sculpted by wind and bathed in ever-changing light. The variety and the uniqueness of dunes make them a great subject to photograph, but these seemingly simple environments can pose unique challenges. It’s best to shoot sand dunes either early in the morning or in the late afternoon when the sun is low in the horizon, and you’ll need to be prepared for the desert environment as well. Here are some tips to help you capture the breathtaking beauty of sand dunes.
Capturing the Majesty of Sand Dunes
Sand dunes aren't just massive piles of sand in the middle of nowhere. These ever-shifting landscapes, sculpted by wind and time are marvels of nature. Weathering and erosion break down rocks, creating loose particles which wind picks up and carries. As wind speed slows down, it can no longer carry the heavier sand particles so they fall to the ground, accumulating in drifts. Windward slopes (facing the wind) have a gentle incline where sand accumulates while Lee slopes (opposite the wind) are steeper as wind carries sand grains up the incline and deposits them over the crest, causing the steeper slope. Sand dunes are fragile ecosystems, so stick to designated trails to avoid damaging vegetation and respect any protected areas.
As with most landscape photography, light is everything. Aim for the “magic hours" around sunrise and sunset where the low angle of the sun creates long shadows that highlight the dune's textures and shapes. Since sand is reflective, a vibrant red-orange sky can drape a rosy pink hue across the landscape, or if dark storm clouds roll in, the dunes can take on a silvery blue look. With bright sun, warm hues will dominate the ridges where direct light falls, with shadows taking on neutral or cool tones, and once the sun goes down, the contrast of direct light and shadows fade into softness.
The ever-shifting sands offer endless compositional possibilities, here are a few tips:
Low angle: Get down low to the ground to capture a unique perspective of the dunes which can create a sense of depth and emphasize the lines and textures of the sand.
High angle: Climb to the top of a dune or find a nearby hill or overlook to capture the sweeping expanse of the dunes and surrounding landscape.
Silhouettes: Photograph the dunes at sunrise or sunset to capture the colors of the sky and the silhouettes of the dunes which can create a dramatic and atmospheric effect.
Pattern and texture: Look for interesting patterns and textures in the sand to create abstract compositions.
Leading lines: Use the lines and shapes of the sand to create leading lines that draw the viewer’s eye into the scene. These can be created by the patterns in the sand, the shapes of the dunes, or other elements in the landscape.
Foreground: Include a foreground element, such as a lone bush or footprints, to add depth and scale to your image.
Negative space: Don't be afraid to include plenty of negative space (like clear sky) to emphasize the vastness of the dunes.
Beyond the dunes: While the dunes are the main attraction, look for additional elements to add interest like dramatic cloudscapes, footprints, or a lone climber traversing the dunes can elevate your photo story.
Wide-angle lenses are your friend for capturing the vast expanse of the dunes and the surrounding landscape. Look for leading lines created by sand ripples or footprints to draw the viewer into the image. It’s also a good idea to bring along a telephoto lens, or better yet a second camera with the telephoto on it, so you don’t have to switch lenses in sandy conditions. Zooming in allows you to isolate interesting patterns, textures, or windblown formations within the dunes as the textures of the sand come alive under different light conditions.
Staying Safe in the Desert for Photography
Hiking in the sand is slow and physically exerting, and it’s easy to get turned around amidst the vastness of the landscape. The earliest part of morning is when the sand is the coolest and affords the greatest support. For the best footing, find a ridge line to climb and favor the windward face where the sand is most solid. If possible, scout the dune field the day (or days) before with plenty of light so you can plan what and where you want to photograph. While out in the fields carry a GPS and maintain good situational awareness at all times. Pay attention to where you came from and turn around to look back at landmarks to where you need to return.
During the height of winter, dune fields can be exceptionally cold before dawn, and bright sunlight on warm sand dunes in the peak of summer can be hot and taxing. During all seasons, it’s best to dress in layers to keep yourself warm and protected from the intensity of the sun. Don’t forget about gloves, a beanie and maybe some hand and foot warmers since it can be hard to maintain warmth while standing still. Be sure to carry and consistently drink plenty of water and electrolytes throughout the day, too.
Since sand is likely flying around everywhere, do yourself a favor and use a clear filter (make sure it’s a good one, or you’ll risk losing sharpness) to protect the front element of your lens.
Be prepared for wind gusts that might blur your photos and damage your equipment. A tripod is highly recommended for sharp images, especially at dawn and dusk when light levels are lower. Pack a blower to remove sand from your camera gear, and consider using a polarizing filter to reduce glare.
By following these tips and letting your creativity flow, you'll be on your way to capturing the mesmerizing beauty and ever-changing character of sand dunes. Check out our guide to the Sand Dunes of the American Southwest. Our guidebooks offer resources, including photography tips, ideal times and spots, as well as location-specific insights, all aimed at ensuring you make the most of your trip.